Please use Margaret Newman as the theorist for the power
point. Also, I feel that the price is a bit high considering I
only need 50-100 words per page vs 250 words.
Historical background of the development of the model
The model developed from the theorists below::
Martha Rogers’s theory of unitary human beings
Arthur Young with his theory of process
Itzhak theory on concept of evolution of consciousness
David Bohm theory of implicate
Description of the theory
The theory states that absence of disability and disease is not
possible
Every person is in a process of expanding consciousness
They try to be oneself and try to find greater meaning in life.
They try to connect with other people across the globe
Information bout Newman
Born in Memphis Tennessee on 10 October 1993
1954- First degree in Home Economics and English, Baylor University
in Waco, Texas
1962- bachelor’s degree in nursing, University of Tennessee,
Memphis
1964 -Master’s degree of medical surgical nursing
1971 -completed doctorate of nursing science and rehabilitation at
New York University
1976 to 1996 -Worked in various institutions such as New York
university, Pennsylvania State, University of Minnesota
1996- Retired from teaching profession
Concepts of the theory
Definition of human beings
Environment
Health
Wellness and illness
Nursing\goals of nursing
Human beings
Under the theory, humans are defined as:
Unitary and cannot be divided into parts
Are inseparable from the larger unitary field
Are centers of consciousness and have an overall pattern of
expanding their consciousness
Are consciousness themselves but do not posses consciousness
Environment
According to this theory, environment is:
The universe of open systems
Is beyond the conscious of man
Health
Health is fused on the state of being (disease)
Both health and illness mean health
The opposite of non-disease is regarded as
health
Wellness and illness
Wellness refers to a state where there is absence
of disease in the body.
The state of mind of the person is calm
Illness is the presence of disease in the body
Nursing\goals of nursing
Nursing is the provision of care to the sick
It is a partnership between the nurse and the client
Both must have higher sense of consciousness to be able to
assist one another
The goal of nursing is therefore, to provide health cares
services to the patients
Relationship between the theory and the concepts of nursing
As the consciousness expands the pattern is recognized
Treating of disease does not in any way alter the structure of a person.
Nursing is recognizing individual in relation to the environment and is also
a process of trying to understand the consciousness
Nursing identifies a disease, recovery and prevent it
As time passes by human beings keep on changing, hence nurses must
be abreast about it
Strengths and weakness of the model for clinical practice
Strengths
Applicable in any setting
Generates caring interventions
Weakness
Multi-dimensional
Abstract
Qualitative
Little discussion on environment
Central values and beliefs set forth by the theorist
Human beings are unit and cannot be divided into parts
Health is a process of developing awareness of self and
environment
Consciousness manifests the changing patterns of person
environment interaction
Nurses has a moral duty to promote healthcare
Example of the theory in clinical practice
An example of an application of this theory is where a sick person has no one to care for
him or her. The person cannot afford to go to the shopping to buy grocery and other basic
essential, not drive to hospital himself for medication and therefore depends on a person
with good-heart. A nurse who is visiting the patient can negotiate with the patient and find an
appropriate way of assisting the patient in order to allow the patient recovery and resume
normal life. Such an arrangement between the nurse and the patient shows some level of
pattern consciousness, which helps both the nurse and the patient.
References
Jones, D. (2006). Newman’s health as expanding consciousness [Electronic version]. Nursing Science Quarterly,
19(4), 330-332.
Newman, M. (2002). Caring in the human health experience. International Journal for Human Caring. 6(2), 8-12.
Newman, M. (2010). Health as expanding consciousness. Retrieved on April 16, 2013, from health as expanding
consciousness:
Newman, M. (2008). It’s about time. Nursing Science Quarterly, 21(3). 225-227.