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When entering examination rooms, advanced practice nurses often immediately begin assessing patients by looking for external abnormalities such as skin irritations or cloudy eyes. By making these simple observations, they can determine how to proceed with their patient evaluations. During the patient evaluation, advanced practice nurses will use initial observations to guide them in acquiring the necessary medical history, performing additional assessments, and ordering the appropriate diagnostics. (Our Nursing writing service utilizes the service of qualified Nursing professionals with an adverse knowledge and experience to produce A grade papers). The information obtained during this evaluation process will help in the development of a differential diagnosis. Once a diagnosis is made, the advanced practice nurse can consider potential treatment options and work with the patient to develop a plan of care. For this Discussion, consider the following four case studies of patients presenting with skin, eye, ear, and throat disorders.
Case Study 1:
A 46-year-old male presents to the office complaining of a pruritic skin rash that has been present for a few weeks. He initially noted the rash on his chest, but it then spread to his back and arms. He notes that it does not seem to be on his legs. He recently came home from a trip to Florida, but denies fever, chills, new soaps or detergents, other travel, or known insect bites. (Our Nursing writing service is keen on the details of the paper to ensure all the instructions are followed to the latter). He takes occasional ibuprofen for knee pain, but denies taking other medications or having other health problems. He has no known drug allergies. The physical examination reveals a male with a deep tan and notable scattered 1-1.5-centimeter, flat, circular, light-colored patches on his chest, back, and upper extremities.
Case Study 2:
An 86-year-old widowed female is brought to the office by her daughter-in-law. The patient complains of constant tearing and an itchy, burning sensation in both eyes. The patient states this is not a new problem, but it has worsened in the past week and is affecting her vision. The patient complains that her eyes are dry. She thinks the problem must be caused by one of her medications. Her patient medical history is positive for hypertension, atrial fibrillation, and heart failure. She has an allergy to erythromycin that causes rash and elevated liver enzymes. Medications currently prescribed include Furosemide 40 milligrams po twice a day, diltiazem 240 milligrams po daily, lisinopril 20 milligrams po daily, and warfarin 3 milligrams po daily. The physical examination reveals a frail older female with some facial dryness and slight scaling. Her visual acuity is 20/60 OU, 20/40 OD, 20/60 OS. The eyelids are erythematous and edematous with yellow crusting around the lashes. Sclera are injected, conjunctiva are pale, and pupils are equal and reactive to light and accommodation.
Case Study 3:
A middle-aged male presents to the office complaining of a two-day history of a left earache. The onset was gradual, but has steadily been increasing. It has been constantly aching since last night, and his hearing seems diminished to him. Today he thinks the left side of his face may even be swollen. He denies upper respiratory infection, known fever, or chills. His patient medical history is positive for Type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia. The patient has a known allergy to Amoxicillin that results in pruritus. Medications currently prescribed include Metformin 1,000 milligrams po twice a day, lisinopril 20 milligrams po daily, Aspirin 81 milligrams po daily, and simvastatin 40 milligrams po daily. The physical exam reveals a middle aged male at a weight of 160 pounds, height of 5’8’, temperature of 98.8 degrees Fahrenheit, heart rate of 88, respiratory rate of 18, and blood pressure of 138/76. Further examination reveals the following:
Face: Faint asymmetry with left periauricular area slightly edematous
Eyes: sclera clear, conj wnl
L ear: + tenderness L pinna, + edema, erythema, exudates left external auditory canal, TM not visible
R ear: no tenderness, R external auditory canal clear without edema, erythema, exudates
+ tenderness L preauricular node, otherwise no lymphadenopathy
Cardiac: S1 S2 regular. No S3 S4 or murmur.
Lungs: CTA w/o rales, wheezes, or rhonchi.
(With these patient examination results of the patient, our Nursing writing service developed accurate patient evaluations)
Case Study 4:
A middle-aged female presents to the office complaining of strep throat. She states she suddenly developed a sore throat yesterday afternoon, and it has gotten worse since then. During the night she felt like she was chilled and feverish. She denies known recent contact with anyone else who had strep throat, but states she has had strep before and it feels like she has strep now. She takes no medications, but is allergic to penicillin. The physical examination reveals a slender female lying on the examination table. She has a temperature of 101 degrees Fahrenheit, heart rate of 112, respiratory rate of 22, and blood pressure of 96/64. The head, eyes, ears, nose, and throat evaluation is positive for bilateral tonsillar swelling without exudates. Her neck is supple with bilateral, tender, enlarged anterior cervical nodes.
Our Nursing essay writing services followed the following ASSIGNMENT Instructions
Review this week’s media presentations and Parts 5–8 of the Buttaro et al. text.
Select one of the four case studies provided. Reflect on the provided patient information including history and physical exams.
Think about a differential diagnosis. Consider the role the patient history and physical exam played in your diagnosis.
Reflect on potential treatment options based on your diagnosis.
Post on or before Day 3 an explanation of the differential diagnosis for the patient in the case study that you selected. Describe the role the patient history and physical exam played in the diagnosis. Then, suggest potential treatment options based on your patient diagnosis.
READINGS (The reliable sources used by our Nursing essay writing services)
Buttaro, T. M., Trybulski, J., Polgar Bailey, P., & Sandberg-Cook, J. (2013). Primary care: A collaborative practice (4th ed.). St. Louis, MO: Mosby.
Part 5, “Evaluation and Management of Skin Disorders” (pp. 227–312)
This part explores the pathophysiology, clinical presentation, and management of various skin disorders, including dermatitis, dry skin, fungal infections, and herpes. It also examines the pathophysiology, clinical presentation, physical examination, diagnostics, and management of wound healing.
Part 6, “Evaluation and Management of Eye Disorders” (pp. 313–344)
This part covers eye examinations and explores the pathophysiology, clinical presentation, physical examination, diagnostics, and management of eye disorders, including cataracts, conjunctivitis, and dry eye syndrome.
Part 7, “Evaluation and Management of Ear Disorders” (pp. 345–364)
This part reviews factors contributing to the diagnosis and treatment of ear disorders, such as symptoms, patient history, physical exams, and indications for referral or hospitalization. It also covers lifespan considerations, complications, and methods for educating patients and families about ear disorders.
(Our Nursing essay writing services ensure a consistent structure throughout the paper)
Part 8, “Evaluation and Management of Nose Disorders” (pp. 365–384)
This part explores the development of differential diagnoses for nose disorders. Nose disorders such as chronic nasal congestion and discharge, nasal trauma, rhinitis, and sinusitis are examined, as well as related complications, indications for referral or hospitalization, and health promotion strategies.
Our Nursing essay writing services ensure to Include the course text in references
Diagnosing Skin, Eye, Ear, and Throat Disorders
A male-aged 46 years comes to the office complaining of a pruritic rash that made him uncomfortable for a few weeks. (Our writers will ensure to use a topic sentence in your obesity essay as it has been used in each paragraph of this paper). The rash began on the chest before spreading to his arms and back, but did not spread to his legs. This could be attributed to the fact that he recently travelled from Florida, a city renowned for the level of sunshine it experiences. However, the patient denies instances of insect bites, fever, new detergents, soap, or other travel. He also takes painkillers due to an occasional knee pain he experiences and has not experienced any other symptoms or taken different medication. It is also notable that the patient denies any allergies in his life. (A physical examination of the patient reveals flat, notable scattered 1 to 1.5 centimeters and deep tan, circular, and light colored patches on his skin. This paper analyses the symptoms by the patient by including the patient’s history.
The patient could be suffering from lupus owing to the reality that the rashes are evident on the upper parts of the body. This is highlighted by the fact that Buttaro at al., (2013) asserts that lupus could affect any part of the body. Furthermore, the patient indicated that the symptoms began with a single rash before spreading to other parts. This is also another reason to diagnose the patient with lupus because Leik (2013) highlights that lupus could begin with a single rash before spreading to other parts of the body. (An Obesity essay requires the use of strong facts and evidence to support your claims, just like they have been used in this essay). It is also clear that the 46 year-aged male complained about pain in his knees, which forced him to take painkillers. This further signifies the symptoms of lupus because the disease is known to cause pain in joints. Ultimately, lupus is sensitive to sunlight and considering that the patient had travelled from Florida, it could be a reason for the onset of the symptoms.
The physical examination revealed that the patient had light colored patches on his skin. This is a symptom for lupus because Panjwani (2009) highlights this. The author stresses that lupus is known to cause light colored patches that are likely to be scattered on the skin. Considering that the patient had patches that were scattered between 1 and 1.5 centimeters is a pointer to the possibility of lupus. The fact that the patient has no known allergies further provides a history of the patient’s background. According to Kudesia and Wreghitt (2009), lupus is not caused by allergic reactions rules out allergic causes of skin rashes such as allergens. Simply put, both the patient’s history and physical examination are indications that the male-aged 46 years was suffering from lupus.
(The paragraphs in this essay flow in a logical order as they build on each other and reach a strong conclusion. This technique will be used in your obesity essay to ensure the conclusion sums up the entire paper)
In conclusion, this paper analyzes a case study from a male-aged 46 years by examining pointers from the physical examination in addition to the patient’s history. It is evident that the symptoms such as knee pain and a rash that began on the chest before spreading to other areas are clear indications of lupus. For instance, it is clear that the patient travelled from Florida (known to experience a lot of sunshine). This owes to the reality that lupus is known to be sensitive to sunlight. In short, there is substantial evidence to diagnose the patient with lupus. There are remedies to this problem because Panjwani (2009) asserts that drugs such as topical corticosteroids and intralesional steroids could treat the disease.
References
Buttaro, T. M., Trybulski, J., Polgar Bailey, P., & Sandberg-Cook, J. (2013). Primary Care: A Collaborative Practice (4th ed.). St. Louis, MO: Mosby.
Kudesia, G., & Wreghitt, T. G. (2009). Clinical and diagnostic virology. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
Leik, M. T. C. (2013). Family Nurse Practitioner Cerftification Intensive Review: Fast Facts and Practice Questions. New York: Springer Publishing Company.
Panjwani, S. (2009). Early Diagnosis and Treatment of Discoid Lupus Erythematosus. Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine. Retrieved from http://www.jabfm.org/content/22/2/206.full.pdf+html
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